HackerEarth Sherlock and Inversions problem solution

In this HackerEarth Sherlock and Inversions problem solution Watson gives to Sherlock an array of N integers denoted by A1, A2 … AN.

Now he gives him Q queries of form Li, Ri. For each such query Sherlock has to report the number of inversions in subarray denoted by [Li, Ri].

Inversions in a subarray denoted by [a, b] are number of pairs (i, j) such that a ≤ i < j ≤ b and Ai > Aj.

#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <cassert>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

#define rep(i,a,b) for(int i = a; i < b; i++)
#define S(x) scanf("%d",&x)
#define S2(x,y) scanf("%d%d",&x,&y)
#define P(x) printf("%dn",x)
#define all(v) v.begin(),v.end()
#define sz size()

typedef long long int LL;
typedef pair<int, int > pii;
typedef vector<int > vi;

const int N = 100001;
const int BSZ = 320;
int A[N];
map<int, int > M;
map<int, int >::iterator it;
int n,q;
LL ans[N];

struct Qnode {
  int l,r,idx;
};

Qnode Q[N];
int BIT1[N], BIT2[N], T[N];
int tm;

bool cmp(const Qnode &x, const Qnode &y) {
  if(x.l / BSZ == y.l / BSZ) return x.r < y.r;
  return x.l / BSZ < y.l / BSZ;
}

void update1(int idx, int val) {
  for(int i = idx; i < N; i += i & -i)
    BIT1[i] += val;
}

void update2(int idx, int val) {
  for(int i = idx; i < N; i += i & -i) {
    if(T[i] != tm) {
      BIT2[i] = 0;
    }
    T[i] = tm;
    BIT2[i] += val;
  }
}

int query1(int idx) {
  int res = 0;
  for(int i = idx; i; i -= i & -i) {
    res += BIT1[i];
  }
  return res;
}

int query2(int idx) {
  int res = 0;
  for(int i = idx; i; i -= i & -i) {
    if(T[i] != tm) {
      BIT2[i] = 0;
    }
    T[i] = tm;
    res += BIT2[i];
  }
  return res;
}

void solve() {
  int start = 0, end = 0;
  LL res = 0;
  rep(i,0,q) {
    int l = Q[i].l, r = Q[i].r;
    if (l >= start) {
      start = (l / BSZ + 1) * BSZ;
      end = start;
      res = 0;
      memset(BIT1, 0, sizeof(BIT1));
    }

    while (end <= r) {
      res += query1(N-1) - query1(A[end]);
      update1(A[end], 1);
      end++;
    }

    LL tmp = res;
    tm++;
    for (int j = min(start-1, r); j >= l; j--) {
      tmp += query1(A[j] - 1) + query2(A[j] - 1);
      update2(A[j], 1);
    }

    ans[Q[i].idx] = tmp;

  }

  rep(i,0,q) printf("%lldn",ans[i]);

}

int main() {
  S2(n,q);
  rep(i,0,n) {
    S(A[i]);
    M[A[i]] = 0;
  }

  int cnt = 1;
  for(it = M.begin(); it != M.end(); it++) {
    it->second = cnt++;
  }

  rep(i,0,n) {
    A[i] = M[A[i]];
  }

  rep(i,0,q) {
    scanf("%d%d",&Q[i].l, &Q[i].r);
    Q[i].l--;
    Q[i].r--;
    Q[i].idx = i;
  }

  sort(Q, Q+q, cmp);
  solve();

  return 0;
}